Purpose, Function
Piston
The piston in the cylinder of the cylinder block moves reciprocally by the pressure received when the air-fuel mixture combusts.
Piston ring
The piston ring consists of the compression ring (top ring, second ring) and the oil ring, and has the following function.
The compression ring prevents leakage of pressure in the cylinder from the piston circumference.
The oil ring clears off extra engine oil adhered to the cylinder wall.
The piston ring transmits piston heat to the cylinder wall to cool the piston.
Piston pin
The reciprocating movement of the piston is transmitted to the connecting rod by the connection of the piston pin to connecting rod.
Construction
Piston
The high-temperature strength piston is made of aluminum alloy with excellent thermal conductivity.
The piston has a cavity on the top surface. As a result, the initial combustion flame is prevented from hitting the top surface of the piston to reduce cooling loss.


The sliding resistance has been reduced by optimizing the piston skirt shape.
A weight reduction is realized by optimizing the piston shape.
With the adoption of the offset piston, piston slap is suppressed.

Piston ring
A barrel-face ring for the top ring and a taper under cut ring for the second ring have been adopted.
A three-piece oil ring consisting of a side rail and spacer have been adopted for the oil ring.
Tracking capability to the cylinder wall has been improved by thinning down the piston ring. As a result, a low-tension piston ring has been implemented without increasing the engine oil consumption, and the sliding resistance has been reduced during reciprocating movement.
Piston pin
The piston is a full-floating type.
Connecting Rod, Connecting Rod BearingTcs/DSC Indicator Light
Purpose/Function
The TCS/DSC indicator light, built into the instrument cluster, informs the
driver of the following vehicle conditions.
TCS is operating. (Drive wheel is slipping.)
DSC is operating. (Vehicle side-slip condition.)
Roll over mitigation (RO ...
Engine Transaxle Integration Control [Fw6 A EL, Fw6 Ax EL]
Outline
The TCM controls engine output torque and reduces transaxle output shaft
torque fluctuation during auto shifting, and reduces shock occurring from the
vehicle during shifting.
Construction
Operation
During auto shifting, the TCM sends the torque reduction reque ...
Brakes
Abbreviations
AAS
Active Adaptive Shift
ABS
Antilock Brake System
ABDC
After Bottom Dead Center
ACC
Accessories
AFS
Adaptive Front Lighting System
...