Purpose, Function
Valve
The intake valve is pressed down by the cam, the intake air passage is opened, and air is introduced into the cylinder.
The exhaust valve is pressed down by the cam, the exhaust air passage is opened, and combustion gas is exhausted from the cylinder.
Valve spring
The valve spring adheres to the valve seat by pulling up the valve by spring force, and air tightness in the combustion chamber is maintained.
Valve seal
The valve seal prevents engine oil from entering combustion chamber through the valve guide, and engine oil consumption is suppressed.
Valve guide
The valve guide maintains the valve stem to open and close the valve smoothly.
The valve guide cools the valve by transmitting valve heat to the cylinder head.
Construction
The valve, valve spring, valve seal, and valve guide are assembled to the cylinder head as a single unit.

The sliding resistance has been reduced by setting the valve spring load to the required minimum.
The intake valve and exhaust valve are subjected to a salt-bath, soft-nitriding treatment to enhance wear resistance.
Unequal pitch valve spring has been adopted. In addition, the upper diameter is smaller compared to the bottom diameter.
The valve guide is made of sintered alloy with excellent wear resistance.
Hydraulic Lash Adjuster, Rocker ArmWasher Fluid
InspectingWasher Fluid Level
WARNING
Use only windshield washer fluid or plain water in the reservoir:
Using radiator antifreeze as washer fluid is dangerous. If sprayed on the windshield,
it will dirty the windshield, affect your visibility, and could result in an accident.
Using Washer Fluid ...
Power Window Motor Removal/Installation
Front Power Window Motor
1. Fully lower the front door glass.
2. Disconnect the negative battery cable..
3. Remove the inner garnish..
4. Remove the front door trim..
5. Disconnect the front power window motor connector.
6. Remove bolt A.
7. Remove bolt B.
8. Remove bolt C.
9. R ...
Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2 S) Heater Control [Skyactiv G 2.0]
Outline
Based on the control of the HO2S heater, a stabilized oxygen concentration
is detected even at low exhaust temperatures, and feedback control of fuel injection
even at cold engine start is made possible for improved cold temperature exhaust
emission performance.
Both ...